Bilhões têm Deterioração Dentária Não Tratada

Bilhões têm Deterioração Dentária Não Tratada

Billions Have Untreated Tooth Decay

De VOA Laerning English, este é o Relatório de Saúde. Quase 4 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo têm sérios problemas não tratados com seus dentes. É o que diz um relatório recente da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Autoridades de saúde afirmam que o fracasso em reparar cáries pode levar a problemas sociais e emocionais. Wagner Marcenes está com o Instituto de Odontologia de Queen Mary, Universidade de Londres. Ele liderou uma equipe de pesquisadores como parte do estudo Global Burden of Disease 2010. Eles usaram a informação para estimar as taxas de infecção. O relatório diz que o dente não tratado é o mais comum de todas as 291 principais doenças e lesões. O professor Markers diz que o aumento da cárie dentária está afetando a África subsaariana e provavelmente outras áreas do continente. Ele diz que esse aumento na cárie dentária pode ser resultado de mudanças na dieta, já que os países em desenvolvimento adotaram dietas de estilo ocidental. Muitas dietas ocidentais são ricas em açúcar, levando a problemas de saúde na boca. Mas, nos países ocidentais, o abastecimento de água é frequentemente tratado com flúor químico. A adição de flúor à água torna os dentes resistentes às bactérias que podem causar cárie dentária. Wagner Marcenes diz que os problemas de saúde bucal podem ter um efeito melhor na qualidade de vida de uma pessoa. As cáries tornam a alimentação difícil. Como se constata, as pessoas podem comer alimentos mais macios que são mais fáceis de mastigar. No entanto, os alimentos mais macios são geralmente mais ricos em gordura. O professor Marquez está pedindo uma "resposta social urgente e organizada" aos problemas de saúde bucal.   Ele acredita na cárie dentária em vôo através de uma dieta mais saudável. Ele também está pedindo o desenvolvimento de materiais e tratamentos dentários novos e menos dispendiosos.

From VOA Laerning English, this is the Health Report. Nearly 4 billion people around the world have serious, untreated problems with their teeth. That is what a recent report from the World Health Organization says. Health officials says failure to repair cavities can even lead to social and emotional problems. Wagner Marcenes is with the Institute of Dentistry ar Queen Mary, University of London. He led a team of researchers as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. They used the information to estimate rates of infection. The report says untreated tooth is the most common of all 291 major diseases and injurires. Professor Marcenes says increases in tooth decay are affecting sub-Saharan Africa and probably other areas in the continent. He says this increase in tooth decay could be a result of changes in diet, as developing countries adopt western-style diets. Many western diets are rich in sugar, a leading cause of health problems in the mouth. But, in western countries, water supplies are often treated with chemical fluoride. Adding fluoride to the water makes teeth resistant to the bacteria that can cause tooth decay. Wagner Marcenes says oral health problems can have a major effect on a person's quality of life. Cavities make eating difficult. As a resulta, people may eat softer foods that are easier to chew. However, softer foods are often higher in fat. Professor Marcenes is calling for an "urgent, organized, social response" to oral health problems. He believes in flighting tooth decay thorough a healthier diet. He is also calling for the development of new and less costly dental materials and treatments. For VOA Learning English, I'm Mario Ritter.

Definition of major - more important, bigger, or more serious than others of the same type. Important, serious, or significant, (of a scale) having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eigh.
synonyms: crucial, vital, great, considerable, paramount, utmost, prime. synonyms: greatest, best, finest, most important, chief, main, prime, principal, capital, cardinal, leading, star, foremost, outstanding, first-rate, preeminent,


Definition of main: larger, more important, or having more influence than others of the same type.
synonyms: principal, chief, head, leading, foremost, most important, major, ruling, dominant, central, focal, key, prime, master, premier, primary, first, first-line, fundamental, supreme, predominant, (most) prominent, preeminent, paramount, overriding, cardinal, crucial, critical, pivotal, salient, elemental, essential, staple
"the main item"


Developing countries: a poor agricultural country that is seeking to become more advanced economically and socially.
The term First World or developed countrie: .A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country", is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.


Fat : Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein. Fats, also known as triglycerides. Fats also give you energy and help you feel satisfied after eating. Oils, shortening, butter, and margarine are types of fats, and mayonnaise, salad dressings, table cream, and sour cream are high in fat.
a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs.

the presence of excess fat in a person or animal, causing them to appear corpulent.

(of a person or animal) having a large amount of excess flesh. There are different categories of fats—some are healthier than others: Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, Saturated and Trans fats (trans fatty acids). 

Carbohydrates: are the body’s main source of energy. There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex.

Simple carbohydrates are found in fruits, vegetables, and milk products, as well as in sweeteners like sugar, honey, and syrup and foods like candy, soft drinks, and frosting or icing.

Complex carbohydrates are found in breads, cereals, pasta, rice, beans and peas, and starchy vegetables such as potatoes, green peas, and corn.

Proteins
Proteins are often called the body’s building blocks. They are used to build and repair tissues. They help you fight infection. Your body uses extra protein for energy. Good sources of protein are seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans and peas, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds. Protein is also found in dairy products. Protein from plant sources tends to be lower in fat and cholesterol and provides fiber and other health-promoting nutrients.


Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion, and it increases the surface area of foods to allow a more efficient break down by enzymes. Wikipedia


Failure :
- lack of success.
"an economic policy that is doomed to failure"
synonyms: lack of success, nonfulfillment, defeat, collapse, foundering

- the omission of expected or required action.
"their failure to comply with the basic rules"
synonyms: negligence, dereliction


Nearly: very close to; almost.


Untreated: 1.(of a patient, disease, or other condition) not given medical care.
"untreated cholera can kill up to half of those infected"
2. not preserved, improved, or altered by the use of a chemical, physical, or biological agent.
"untreated sewage is pumped directly into the sea"

BILBIOGRAFIA
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/important-nutrients-know-proteins-carbohydrates-and-fats
wikipedia
dicionário google

Esforços de prevenção da malária perdem muitas mulheres grávidas na África

Esforços de prevenção da malária perdem muitas mulheres grávidas na África

Malaria Prevention Efforts Miss Many Pregnant Women in Africa

A malária mata cerca de 200.000 recém-nascidos e 10.000 novas mães todos os anos. A maioria dessas mortes é na África. A malária também pode fazer com que as mães percam seus bebês antes de nascerem, ou fazer com que o bebê nasça cedo. Existem maneiras baratas de prevenir infecções por malária. Mas um novo estudo descobriu que muitas mulheres grávidas não recebem essas intervenções. Por exemplo, a Organização Mundial de Saúde recomenda mulheres grávidas em áreas com altas taxas de malária para dormirem embaixo de mosquiteiro na cama tratadas com inseticida. A OMS também os aconselha a obter o que é conhecido como tratamento preventivo intermitente, ou IPT. Este tratamento envolve tomar uma droga anti-malária de baixo custo em determinados momentos da sua gravidez, em um esforço para prevenir a doença. A OMS recomenda que recebam o medicamento durante as visitas a uma clínica. Muitas mulheres grávidas e novas mães vão a clínicas médicas na África Subsaariana. No entanto, os pesquisadores dizem que apenas cerca de 21 por cento recebem tratamento preventivo intermitente durante a gravidez. E menos de 40% recebem mosquiteiros de proteção. Jenny Hill, da Escola de Medicina Tropical de Liverpool, é gerente de programas de uma parceria de pesquisa chamada Malaria and Pregnancy Consortium. Hill diz que uma revisão de 98 estudos encontrou uma série de barreiras à prevenção da malária. Estes incluem políticas pouco claras e orientação do governo e dos funcionários de saúde.  Outros problemas incluem escassez de medicamentos, falta de água limpa e confusão sobre como administrar o IPT. Hill diz que os países podem salvar vidas seguindo a política da OMS sobre tratamento preventivo intermitente. Para VOA Learning English, sou Alex Villarreal.

Malaria kills about 200,000 newborn babies and 10,000 new mothers every year. Most of these deaths are in Africa. Malaria can also cause mothers to lose their babies before they are born, or cause a baby to be born early.  There are low-cost ways to prevent malaria infections. But a new study finds that many pregnant women do not receive these interventions.  For example, the World Health Organization has advised pregnant women in areas with high rates of malaria to sleep under bed nets treated with insecticide. The WHO also advises them to get what is known as intermittent preventive treatment, or IPT. This treatment involves taking a low-cost anti-malaria drug at certain times in their pregnancy in an effort to prevent the disease. The WHO recommends that pregnant women receive the medicine during visits to a clinic. Many pregnant women and new mothers go to medical clinics in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet researchers say only about 21 percent receive intermittent preventive treatment during their pregnancy. And less than 40 percent are given protective bed nets. Jenny Hill from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine is program manager for a research partnership called the Malaria and Pregnancy Consortium.  Ms. Hill says a review of 98 studies found a number of barriers to malaria prevention. These include unclear policy and guidance from government and health care officials.  Other problems include drug shortages, a lack of clean water, and confusion about how to administer IPT. Ms. Hill says countries can save lives by following the WHO policy on intermittent preventive treatment. For VOA Learning English, I'm Alex Villarreal.

English Conversation Learn English Speaking English Subtitles Lesson 14

English Conversation Learn English Speaking English Subtitles Lesson 14

11:30 a antes make up
16:43 saude