Adjective Clauses

Relative Clauses #1 - Smrt Live Class with Mark #22

CLAUSE - sentence with a subject and verb

adjectives describe nouns (give information about a person, place, thing, etc)

I love you.

One clause with subject, verb and object.

I love you because you are rich. - two clause

adjective clause - are clause that describe nouns

Dogs are noisy.

The dogs live above me in my apartment.

*Put them beside ( to the right) the noun

The Dogs that live above me in my apartment are noisy.

*coloco the - pq descreve que é um grupo especifico para identificar

relative pronoun

that

which

who/whom

when

where

more popular entre that e who : that

porém who tb é muito usado para pessoas 

whom não é popular - é muito formal

that é mais popular que which

The Dogs that live above me in my apartment are noisy.

that é o sujeito do adjective clause

I love the shoes which you are wearing.

Neste caso o sujeito é I and you. Which não é sujeito

Se o relative pronoun for o objeto do adjective clause, é muito popular omitir o relative pronoun.

I love the shoes you are wearing.

(Se ele for o objeto, não precisamos dizer)

Rosa is the person that asked the question.

Depois de that veio um verbo, ele funciona como sujeito

Rosa is the person that I asked the question.

Depois de that veio o sujeito I + verbo asked.

Aqui that é objeto.

Aqui você pode omitir

whom is used as the object of the adjective clause.

Rosa is the person whom I asked the question.

The house is haunted. I live in it.

The house I live in is haunted.

The house that I live in is haunted.

The house which I live in is haunted.

I read the newspaper. She gave it to me.

I read the newspaper which she gave to me.

I read the newspaper that gave to me.

I read the newspaper she gave to me.

Posso tb deixar sem nada pois aqui é objeto

The bear was scary. I saw it.

The bear which I saw was scary.

The bear that I saw was scary.

The bear I saw was scary.

Posso tb deixar sem nada pois aqui é objeto

*Em formal escrita não deixe sem nada.

The game was fun to watch. It happened last week.
The game which happened last week was fun to watch.
The game that happened last week was fun to watch.
Nesse caso não pode ficar sem nada pois é o sujeito da adjective clause (É SEGUIDO DE VERBO)
E não posso usar whom caso precise.

The law is unfair. The goverment changed the law.
The law which the goverment changed is unfair.
The law that the goverment changed is unfair.
The law the goverment changed is unfair.
Neste caso funciona como objeto posso deixar sem nada e usar whom se precisar. (Não é o sujeito do adjective clause)

A woman told the police what happened. The woman saw the crime.
A woman who saw the crime told the police what happened.
A woman that saw the crime told the police what happened.
Nesse caso não pode ficar sem nada pois é o sujeito da adjective clause (É SEGUIDO DE VERBO)
E não posso usar whom caso precise.

I met a man. He has six cats.
I met a man who has six cats.
I met a man that has six cats.
Nesse caso não pode ficar sem nada pois é o sujeito da adjective clause (É SEGUIDO DE VERBO)
E não posso usar whom caso precise.

My neighbour has a dog. It barks a lot.
My neighbour has a dog which barks a lot.
My neighbour has a dog that barks a lot.
Nesse caso não pode ficar sem nada pois é o sujeito da adjective clause (É SEGUIDO DE VERBO)
E não posso usar whom caso precise.

Clause = subject + verb

sentence pode ter mais de uma clause

ex: I love you because you are rich

adjective clause funciona como um adjetivo em uma sentense. Ele modifica um nome

Definin adjective clauses

explain which noun

The dog is noisy.

Which dog is noisy?

The dog lives beside me.

whom é usado quando ele é um objeto de um verbo

Zach was the person.

I saw Zach this morning at Starbucks.

I saw Zach - Zach = object

Eu vou explicar quem é essa pessoa:

Zach was the person who I saw this morning at Starbucks.

Zach was the person whom I saw this morning at Starbucks.

Zach was the person that I saw this morning at Starbucks.

That is the dog. I took care of the dog.

That is the dog (which/that/o) I took care.

*eu tenho que colocar depois do substantivo - noun

Neste caso adjective clause é um objeto, então posso deixar sem nada e usar whom caso necessite.

This is the city. We live in the city.

This is the city (that/which/o) we live in.

She is the person. The person saw the UFO.

She si the person who (that) saw the UFO.

Neste caso é o sujeito da adjective clause, então não posso deixar sem nada ou usar whom.

She is the teacher. The teacher always helps me.

She is the teacher who 9that) always helps me.

Italian food is the kind of food. I love the kind od food.

Italian food is the kind of food that (which/o) I love.

That is the bank. I started an account at that bank.

That is the bank taht (which/o) I started an account.

Add adjective clause that require prepositions. Put the perpositions at the end of the adjective clauses:

preposition + whom = people - formal

preposition + which = things - formal 

a- She is the person ... (work)

She is the person I work for/with.

b- Avatar is the movie ... (talk)

Avatar is the movie I talked about.

c- Rock is the kind of music ...(listen)

Rock is the kind of music I am listening to.

d- This is the class ... (study)

This is the class I study in.

This is the class I study for.

This is the class in which I study.

e- John is the person ... (borrow)

John is the person I borrowed money from.

John is the person from whom I borrowed money. (formal)

f- That is the person ... (take a picture)

That is the person ... (take a picture)

That is the person I took a picture of.

That is the person of whom I took a picture.

g- English is the language ... ( be interested)

 English is the language I am interested in.

 English is the language in which I am interested.

h- Peter is the student ... ( be angry)

Peter is the student I am angry at/with.

Peter is the student at whom I am angry. formal

Peter is the student with  whom I am angry. formal

Add adjective clauses with either where, when, or whose to the folling nouns in bold:

whose - his, her, its, their

a- Our teacher was born in a country ...

Our teacher was born in a country whose official language is English.

Our teacher was born in a country where people eat a lot of pizza.

Our teacher was born in a country whose flag is red and white.

b- The student was crying!

The student whose computer is broken was crying.

( The student's computer is broken. )

c- January is the month ...

January's weather is cold.

January is the month whose weather is cold.

*whose - pode ser usado com coisas

January is the month when the weather is hot in Brazil.

d- We discussed a hotel ...

The hotel' pool

The hotel's prices

We discussed a hotel whose pool is beautiful.

Não use virgula (comma) com defining relative clause.

- definem o substantivo - explica qual

defininf relative clauses

explica qual, é muito importante para a sentença

non-defining relaive clause

- adds extra information

- if you remove this from the sentence the meaning is unchanged.

- Não é necessário

- usamos virgula ( comma)

- which and who

Add non-defining Adjective clauses to the followig senteces:

a- I was born in Saudi Arabia.

I was born in Saudi Arabia, which has a population of over 50 million people.

b- Obama is the current American president.

He is leaving soon.

Obama is the current American president, who is leaving soon.

Obama, who is leaving soon, is the current American president.

c- Samsung is the world's largest electronic company.

 Samsung is the world's largest electronic company, which is based is South Korea.

d- One day, I would love to visit Egypt.

 One day, I would love to visit Egypt, which has really old building and cool museums.

e- Coffee is often made badly.

(Don't describe which coffee)

Coffee, which is popular all over the world, is often made badly.

Relative Clauses #3 - Smrt Live Class with Mark #24

PARA TER adjective clause vc precisa de um substantivo - noun - pq adjective clause descreve um substantivo - noum.

Ele vem depois do substantivo - noun.

We are going to sutdy clauses that function as nouns. They do not describe nouns.

There are three basic types of noun clauses:

1- Noun clauses that start with a question word (where, what, how, who, when, why)

- Japan is where has was born.

2-Noun clauses that start with wether or if.

-Do you know if I can catch the #345 bus here?

3- Noun clauses that start with that:

- I think that you are right.

Where do you live?

-Where you live

Where does he live?

- Where he lives

Where did you live?

-where you lived

Could you tell me the name?

the name = noun

Could you tell ...

Could you tell where you live?

When did you start learning English? (No noun clause)

Could you tell me when you started learning English? (noun clause)

Alguns livros chamam de indirect questions

Where does he lives?

- Do you know where he lives?

Who do you live with?

-Would you mind telling me who you live with?

-I don't want to tell you who I live with.

38 exercicios 

Chile = Where is Alejandra from?

Let's go to Chile.

Let's go to where Alejandra is from.

Let's go to the country where Alejandra is from. (aqui é adjective clause, pq descreve the country)

Starbucks = Where did Mark go?
Starbuck is five minutes from here.
Where Mark went is five minutes from here.
The place Mark went to is five minutes from here. adjective clause

Defining & Non-Defining Adjective Clauses - Smrt Live Class with Shaun #11

non - defining - se eu colocar virgula eu acredito que não preciso descrever quem é a pessoa que vc sabe:
The man, who I had never met before, chatted with me for entire flight.

Adjective Clauses: Advanced Structures - Smrt Live Class with Shaun #23

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - AVANÇADO
Também conhecido como relative clauses.
Eles modificam clauses. Um grupo de palavras que funcionam juntas como uma coisa e seu trabalho é modificar , ou descrever, um outro nome ou clause.
Funcionam como um adjetivo.

The girl who is wearing red lives on my street.
O adjective clause está descrevendo ou modificando o substantivo: girl.

*Usamos tb o adjective clause para evitar repetições da mesma sentença:
He teaches a class of seven students. The students all plan on entering a Canadian university.
Você tem students duas vezes.
He teaches a class of seven students, who all plan on entering a Canadian university.

*I'm just setting you up for the good stuff okay.

Outra maneira de evitar repetição:
He teaches a class of seven students. All of them plan on entering a Canadian university.

Posso trocar esse pronome them por um relative pronoun
He teaches a class of seven students, all of whom plan on entering a Canadian university.

quantifier with relative pronouns

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
WITH QUANTIFIERS

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