Modals of Certainty #1 - Intermediate English with Shaun #54

Modals of Certainty #1 - Intermediate English with Shaun #54

AULA 1
We're going to talk about certainty. How to express certanty in Enlgish.

hopelly

Certainty (noun) - is a felling more than anything you feel that right
- to be sure
- to know something
     100% - without any doubt
      no doubt


and to simplify you see this TY ending on that word. That is a pretty clear sign that we're looking at a noun all right. But if you take that T Y away and you just left with certain. Well that's an adjective right

Certain has different meanings depending on the sentence that you're using, depepnding on the context.
related to certainty has to do with being sure. Are you sure certain about something
How sure you are about an answer or about information
How certain are you?
So even though the word certain should mean 100% we can be almost certain right but not entirely certain
I mean you could you can apply this to so many things about the future right
how certain are you about your future
Where are you going to be in ten years

AULA 10-1 PRESENT CERTAINTY

very - sleek

Do you know where John is?
No, I don't. He might be on a break

Modal verbs
- auxiliary verbs - different from other helping verbs right like be or have because they can give meaning to the sentence
- give meanin, express feelin
-will, should, can, might, etc
- can help to show our level of certainty
- how certain we feel about something

100% certain
When you want to express that you are a hundred percent certain about something and I mean a hundread percent no doubt at all
You don't really need a modal verb actually

Do you know where John is?
He is on his break.

You know something is a fact and it's not a an opinion or feeling at all


ALMOST 100% CERTAIN
A little room for doubt
- must
- have/has to
- have/has got to
 (os dois ultimos) These are not technically modal verbs but they function in the same way as must

A:Do you know where John is?
B:He must be on his break.
A:He has got to be on his break.
B:Maybe he didn't come to work today.
A:No, we have an important meeting today. He has to be here.

*Has to is a little bit stronger
*Must is more commonly used

coworker

we share an office okay

every morning at 9 o'clock on the dot Monday to Friday

He must be hungry. He hasn't eaten anything all day.

Amy has to be here, That's her car parked out front.

I just want to hug it



NOT CERTAIN
- may
-might
- could

Do you know where John is?
No, I don't. He might be on a break.
No, I don't. He may be on a break.
No, I don't. He could be on a break.

should - you think that is the best

We can also express certainty with negative sentences:
100% certain
Do you know where John is?
He isn't here today.

ALMOST 100% CERTAIN
- can't - very unlikely or impossible
- must not

He can't be here today. He was just in London yestterday, wasn't he?
He must not be in today.


VOCÊ NÃO PODE USAR MUSN'T - contrair
when you talk about certain.


NOT CERTAIN
- may not
- might not
don't say could not

He might not be in today.
He may not be in today.

can't is more stronger


They have been traveling for over 22 hours. They must be exhausted.
John has 4 jobs. He can't have musch free time.
That suitcase is really big. It's got to weigh a ton.
I can hear fire trucks. There must be a fire somewhere close by.
Sam hasn't come to school today. He may be sikipping.
This look like John's coat. He must be freezing.
She never sees her husband. She may be blind.
When I read, I always get headches. You might need glasses.
I lost $500 dollars at the casino last night. Oh, no. You must be joking.


CONTINUOUS FORMS
We can use modals with be + verb ing to mean that something is in progress now.
It can't be raining. It was sunny ten minutes ago!

She must be sleeeping. She isn't answering her phone.

....