ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Livro Betty S. Azar English Grammar Understanding and using

RESUMO

1-Pode ser o sujeito de um “adjective clause”, que é quando who/that for o sujeito do adjective clause.

I thanked the woman who helped me.

I thanked the woman that helped me.

Who/that – é o sujeito do “adjective clause”

I – o sujeito da primeira frase.

Posso dividir as frases e vai ser o sujeito na segunda (esse sujeito é o complemento do verbo da primeira)

I thanked the woman. She helps me. She = who/that

She ( = who ) o sujeito da segunda.

2-Nesse segunda não é o sujeito

The book which is on the table is mine.

The book that is on the table is mine.

Neste caso se eu dividir em duas orações não vai ser o sujeito e sim complementando sobre o sujeito.

The book is mine. It is on the table.

Who – usamos para pessoas

Which – usamos para coisas

That – para pessoas e coisas

3 – Adjective clause pronouns used as the object of a verb

Está em ordem invertida, o adjective clause está no começo da frase.

Se eu dividir vai ter dois sujeitos diferentes, com duas sentenças.

Usamos mais who do que whom, especialmente na linguagem falada. Whom é mais usado na linguagem formal.

O objeto (which/who/whom/that) pode ser omitido.

Who – para pessoas

Whom – para pessoas.

Which – usamos para coisas

That – para pessoas e coisas

The man was Mrs. Jones. I saw him.

The man who I saw was Mrs. Jones.

The man that I saw was Mrs. Jones.

The man I saw was Mrs. Jones.

The movie wasn’t very good. We saw it last night.

The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good.

The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good.

The movie we saw last night wasn’t very good.

Ex:

1 - Posso dividir as frases e vai ser o sujeito na segunda (esse sujeito é o complemento do verbo da primeira)

We helped the man. He was lost in the woods.

We helped the man who was lost in the woods.

We helped the man that was lost in the woods.

2 - Neste caso se eu dividir em duas orações não vai ser o sujeito e sim complementando sobre o sujeito.

The new computer is fast. The new computer is in my office.

The new computer is fast. It is in my office.

The new computer which is in my office.

The new computer that is in my office.

3 – Está em ordem invertida, o adjective clause está no começo da frase. Se eu dividir vai ter dois sujeitos diferentes, com duas sentenças.  É o complemento do verbo, neste caso o verbo saw.

The movie wasn’t very good. We saw the movie last night.

The movie wasn’t very good. We saw it last night.

The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good.

The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good.

The movie we saw last night wasn’t very good.

	I met the doctor who helped my father after the accident. I met the doctor that helped my father after the accident. I met the doctor. He helped my father after the accident.
	Where is the magazine which has the story about online theft? Where is the magazine that has the story about online theft?
	Did I tell you about the car salesman who tried to sell me a defective truck? Did I tell you about the car salesman that tried to sell me a defective truck?
	The house which is across the street from us is going to be rented soon. The house that is across the street from us is going to be rented soon.
	I saw the man. He closed the door. I saw the man who closed the door. I saw the man that closed the door
	The girl is happy. She won the race. The girl who won the race is happy. The girl that won the race is happy.
	The student is from China. He sits next to me. The student who sits next to me is from China. The student that sits next to me is from China.
	The students are from China. They sit in the front row. The students who sit in the front row are from China. The students that sit in the front row are from China.
	We are studying sentences. They contain adjectives clauses. We are studying sentences which contain adjectives clauses. We are studying sentences that contain adjectives clauses.
	I am using a sentence. It contains an adjective clause. I am using a sentence which contains an adjective clause. I am using a sentence that contains an adjective clause.
	We know a person who will be great for the job.
	We know a person who would like to apply for the job.
	That’s the man who is giving the speech at our graduation.
	I know a nurse who has traveled around the world helping people.
	Let’s talk to the people who are planning the protest march.
	There are people at the factory who have worked there all their adults lives.
	The doctor who had been taking care of my mother retired.

	ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB.
	The book was good. I read it. The book which (that/o) I read was good.
	I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night. I liked the woman who (that/whom/o) I met at the party last night.
	I liked the composition. You wrote it. I liked the composition which (that/o) you wrote.
	The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday. The people who (that/whom/o) we visited yesterday were very nice.
	The man is standing over there. Ann brought him to the party. The man who (that/whom/o) Ann brought to the party is standing over there.
	Tell me about the people who you visited when you were in Oxford. Tell me about the people whom you visited when you were in Oxford. Tell me about the people that you visited when you were in Oxford. Tell me about the people you visited when you were in Oxford. You visited people when you were in Oxford. Tell me about the people.
	The people who I call most often on my cell phone are my mother and my sister. The people that I call most often on my cell phone are my mother and my sister. The people whom I call most often on my cell phone are my mother and my sister. The people I call most often on my cell phone are my mother and my sister. The people are my mother and my sister. I call the people most often on my cell phone.
	Do you want to see the pictures which the photographer took? Do you want to see the pictures that the photographer took? Do you want to see the pictures the photographer took?
	The apartment which we wanted to rent is no longer available. The apartment that we wanted to rent is no longer available. The apartment we wanted to rent is no longer available.
	The children who the Smiths adopted are from three different countries. The children that the Smiths adopted are from three different countries. The children whom the Smiths adopted are from three different countries.

4-No inglês formal, a preposição pode vir no começo do “adjective clause”, como em (a) e (e).

(a)She is the woman about whom I told you.

(e)The music to which we listened last night was good.

Porém, normalmente no inglês falado a preposição pode vir depois do sujeito e do verbo, como os outros exemplos.

Se a preposição vier no começo, somente whom e which podem ser usados. A preposição nunca é seguida de that e who.

She is the woman. I told you about her.

Her = whom/who/that

(a)She is the woman about whom I told you.

(b)She is the woman who(m) I told you about.

(c)She is the woman that I told you about.

(d)She is the woman I told you about.

The music was good. We listened to it last night.

(e)The music to which we listened last night was good.

(f)The music  which we listened to last night was good.

(g)The music  that we listened to last night was good.

(h)The music  we listened to last night was good.

	The Sunglasses which I was looking for were under the sofa.
	The health care workers who I spoke were helpful.
	The dress which she is wearing is new. The dress that she is wearing is new. The dress she is wearing is new.
	Did I tell you about the woman who (whom/that/o) I met last night?
	The report which Joe is writing must be finished by Friday.
	The doctor who (that) examined the sick was gentle.
	Did you hear about the earthquake which (that) occurred in California?
	The woman who (whom/that/o) I was dacing with stepped on my toes.

5- Whose é mais usado para mostrar posse. Ele tem o mesmo significado que: his, her, its e their. Também está ligado a um nome.

Whose não pode ser omitido. É usado no começo do “adjective clause”

Whose tem a mesma pronuncia que who’s.

I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.

(a)I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

The student writes well. I read her composition.

The student whose composition I read writes well.

6-Using where

Where é usado em um adjective clause para modificar um lugar (pais, cidade, casa, quarto…)

Se where é usado a preposição não pode ser usada. Como em (a)

Se where não é usado a preposição deve ser usada.

The building is very old. He lives there (in the building).

(a)The building where he lives is very old.

(b)The building in which he lives is very old.

      The building which he lives in is very old.

      The building that he lives in is very old.

      The building he lives in is very old.

7-Using When

When é usado em “adjective clause” para modificar um substantive de tempo. (ano, dia, tempo, século …)

Neste caso a preposição é usada antes de which, como em (b), ou a preposição é omitida.

I’ll never Forget the day. I met you then (on that day)

(a)I’ll never forget the day when  I met you.

(b)I’ll never forget the day on which  I met you.

(c)I’ll never forget the day that  I met you.

(d)I’ll never forget the day I met you.

	I know a doctor whose last name is Doctor.
	I know a doctor who lives on a sailboat.
	The woman whose wallet was stolen called the police.
	The woman who found my wallet called me immediately.
	The professor who teaches art history is excellent.
	The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
	I apologized to the man whose coffee I spilled.
	I made friends with a man who is in my class.